Information Technology Systems & Services
Accessibility
(Skip Page Index) Page Index:
- Abbreviations & Acronyms
- Accessibility Statements
- Accesskeys
- Alt and Alt Attributes and Alt Text
- Assistive Technology
- Baseline
- Benefits
- Captcha
- Check Lists
- Cognitive Disabilities
- Color Accessibility
- Device Independence and and Graceful Degradation
- Definitions and Overviews
- Deprecated Features
- Flicker
- Forms:
- Language
- Law, Lawsuits, Policies
- Mailto
- Multimedia:
- Open Source
- Plugins, PDF, PowerPoint, etc
- Relative Sizing
- Scripts
- Skip Links
- Structure
- Style Sheets
- Tables
- Testing, Checking, Validating
- Text Links
- Text Only Versions
- Tools (Accessibility)
- Usability and Accessibility
- W3C Guidelines
- Zoom Layouts
- Articles & Related Links
Abbreviations & Acronyms
- 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
- 4.2 Specify the expansion of each abbreviation or acronym
- 9.1. The abbr element XHTML 2.0 - The W3C has finally given up trying to distinguish between acronym and abbreviation. Acronym is out.
- abbr - W3C.
- Abbreviations & Acronyms (css)
- Acronyms and Abbreviations - University of Minnesota Standard
- Dealing with Acronyms and Abbreviations - Mike Cherim
- Explaining abbreviations, acronyms and symbols on Web pages - Jukka 'Yucca' Korpela
- The Accessibility Hat Trick: Getting Abbreviations Right - Colin Lieberman
- Too Much Accessibility - Double Expanded Acronyms - Bim Egan
- Why Use the Acronym and Abbr Tags? - Ian Lloyd
Accessibility Statements
- Accessibility or Help Links? - Alastair Campbell
- Accessibility Statements - Dennis E. Lembree
- Are Accessibility Statements Useful? - Leona Tomlinson
- Boiler-Plate Accessibility Statement - Thierry Koblentz et al.
- Certification and Testing - Joe Clark
- Creating an Accessibility Statement - Mark Pilgrim
- Don't Provide an Accessibility Statement - Peter Krantz
- Does Your Website Overstate Its Accessibility? - Out-Law News
- Logo Claims about Website Accessibility belie Reality - Fraser Hamilton
- The Surfer and The Accessibility Statement - Patrick Griffiths
- Web Accessibility Statements And User Support - Mel Pedley
- Writing a Good Accessibility Statement - Gez Lemon
- Writing an Accessibility Statement - Leonie Watson
Accesskeys
- 11.1 Keyboard access to forms - W3C
- Access Keys, Limited Practical Value - Alastair Campbell
- Accesskey Conflicts - Derek Featherstone
- Accesskeys and Reserved Keystroke Combinations - John Foliot
- Accesskeys: Where Are We Now? - Mel Pedley
- Example for Checkpoint 9.5
- Firefox 2.0 and Access Keys - Gez Lemon
-
I
Do Not Use Accesskeys - Dave Shea
- I'm Still Off Accesskeys - Dave Shea
- Initial Focus to a Text Field - Good or Bad? - Robert Nyman
- Setting and Retrieving Accesskeys with JavaScript and DOM - Ian Lloyd
- Using Accesskeys - Is it worth it? - John Foliot and Derek Featherstone. (Defining accesskeys seems to be a waste of time unless one is designing for a controlled environment such as an intranet.)
- User-Defined Access Keys - Gez Lemon
- XHTML2 Draft Backtracks on Accesskeys - Mel Pedley
Alt Attributes , Alt Text, Long Descriptions
-
1.1
Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element - W3C
- Example for Checkpoint 1.1a - a text equivalent for images and graphical buttons - W3C
- 508 (a) - A text equivalent for every non-text element shall be provided (e.g., via "alt", "longdesc", or in element content).
- Accessible Alternatives - Andy (Malarkey) Clarke
-
Accessible Graphics: A Graph with a Description in a Separate, Linked File
- University of Texas
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for Decorative Images and Spacers - University of Texas
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Functional Graphics - University of Texas
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Link that contains both Graphics and Text - University of Texas
- Accessible Graphics: alt Text for a Logo - University of Texas
- Accessible Graphics: Including a Graph and Its Description on the Same Page - University of Texas
- Accessibility Footnotes - Andy (Malarkey) Clarke
- Action 54: First Draft - Steven Faulkner, Joshue O Connor, and Laura Carlson
- Add alt Attributes to Spacer Images - Jim Byrne
- alt and the Flickr Defense - Matt May
- Alternative Content for Graphics - Jim Thatcher
- Alternative Text for Images: the ALT attribute - Estelle Weyl
- Alt in HTML5 Required? - To Be or Not to Be - Steve Faulkner
- ALT Attributes for Images - Matt Cutts
- alt in HTML5 - Moving Forward - Steve Faulkner
- Alt Text is an Alternative, Not a Tooltip - Roger Johansson
- Alt Texts - Jukka 'Yucca' Korpela
- Alternative Text for Complex Graphics - Zoe Gillenwater
- Appropriate Use of Alternative Text - Jared Smith
- Associating a Graph and its Description with the longdesc Attribute - University of Texas
- Beyond ALT Text: Making the Web Easy to Use for Users With Disabilities - Nielsen Norman Group
- Can the alt Attribute Be Omitted Without Hurting Accessibility? - Roger
Johansson
- The Price of Omitting the alt - Mike Davies
- Creating Accessible Images - WebAIM
- Demonstration of the LONGDESC Attribute and the "d" link - John Foliot
- Got Alt? - Eric Tribou
- Graphic Testimony: It's Possible to Provide Long descriptions for Dynamically Generated Graphs - Stan Berman
- Guidelines on alt Texts in img Elements - Jukka 'Yucca' Korpela
- How To Make Non-text Elements Accessible - Some Notes - Jim Byrne
- How to Write Good Alt Text for the Images on Your Web Page - Virginia DeBolt
- HTML5 and alt: The Editors New Clothes - Steve Faulkner
- HTML5 Alternative Text, and Authoring Tools - Gez Lemon
- IE 8: Alt Change and Longdesc Weirdness - Steve Faulkner
- Internet Explorer 7 and Various Screen Readers and Screen Enlargers - Kelly Ford
- Is alt Text Necessary for Photo Sharing Sites? - Bruce Lawson
-
Maps and Virtual Tours
- A More Accessible Map - Seth Duffey
- Maps - Joe Clark
- Maps That Are Accessible - Web Accessiblity Initiative Interest Group Thread.
- SVG Maps for People with Visual Impairment - Benjamin Campin et. al.
- Virtual Tours & Accessibility - Darrel Austin
- Mini FAQ About The Alternate Text Of Images - Ian Hickson
- Naughty or Nice? CSS Background Images - Derek Featherstone
- Now You See It, Now You Don't - E-Access Bulletin
-
Online Galleries
- Dayton Art Institute
- i-Map: The Every Day Transformed, - Tate Modern
- Promote and Make Your Site Sticky With HTML ALT TEXT TAGS - Kevin Onesko
- Parroting Pareto - Jeremy Keith
- Provide Access to Graphs for Users Who are Blind or Visually Impaired - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg
- Provide Access to Images for Users Who are Blind or Visually Impaired - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg
- Provide Text Equivalents For Graphics In HTML - Skills for Access
- Reviving Anorexic Web Writing - Amber Simmons
- Should alt Text Be Used To Paint A Thousand Words? - Sharon Perry
- Speaking ALT Text - Bob Easton
- Text and Links - Joe Clark
- Text Descriptions for Images - Peter Rainger
- Text Equivalents Overview - Jon Gunderson
- The Alt and Accessibility - Mike Cherim
- The Alt and Title Attributes - Roger Johansson
- The ALT Attribute in HTML - Stephen Poley
- The Image Problem - Joe Clark
-
The longdesc Lottery
- Mark Pilgrim
- The longdesc Lottery Comment - Steve Faulkner
- Too Much Accessibility - The Rise and Fall of the LONGDESC - Bim Egan
- Thinking About Accessibility - Equivalent Content - Mike Davies
- Writing Good alt Text - Roger Johansson
- Writing good ALT text - Simon Willison
Assistive Technology
- Assistive Technology: a Video Tour of Accessibility - Jon Gibbins
- Assistive Technology: Alternative Pointing Devices - Mel Pedley
- Assistive Technology: Braille and Low Vision Aids - Mel Pedley
- Alternative Web Browsing - Peter Bosher and Judy Brewer
- Beware the Kalends of November - Carroll Tech
-
Eye Tracking
- Eye-tracking - WebAIM
- Replace Your Mouse with Your Eye - Alfred Hermida
- Closing the Gap - User Agent Improvements - Alastair Campbell
- Current Browsers And The User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 - Patrick H. Lauke
- Five Assistive Technologies for the Web - Leonie Watson
-
Head Wands
- Head wand - WebAIM
- Headwand in Action - Russ Weakley
- How People with Disabilities Use the Web - W3C
- How Do Disabled People Use Computers? - Joe Clark
- IBM Tool 'Reads' Web Video for Blind - Candace Lombardi
- I Saw a Mouse! Where? - Mel Pedley
- Improving Accessibility for Motor Impaired Users - Trenton Moss
-
Keyboard Access
- Adaptive keyboard - WebAIM
- Assistive Technology: Keyboards And Other Input Alternatives - Mel Pedley
- Keyboard Support: Mysteries Unveiled - Mike Cherim, edited by Tommy Olsson
- Optimize for Keyboard Access (and other non-mouse input devices) - Skills For Access
-
Mouth Sticks
- Mouth stick - WebAIM
- New Browser For Web Video - Mel Pedley
-
Screen Magnifiers
- Web Accessibility for Screen Magnifier Users - Trenton Moss
- Doing Web Accessibility for Screen Magnifier Users - Trenton Moss
- Introduction to Screen Magnifiers - Karo Caran and Victor Tsaran
-
Screen Readers
- An Introduction to Screen Readers - Victor Tsaran
- Browsing Habits of Screen Reader Users - Peter Krantz
- Configuring Links in Screen Readers - Mike Davies
- Empty Links and Screen Readers - Mike Davies
- Screen Readers Lack Emphasis - Steve Faulkner
-
display: none and Invisible
Content
- CSS in Action: Invisible Content Just for Screen Reader Users - WebAIM
- Hiding Content for Screen Reader Users - Mike Cherim
- Screen Readers and display:none - Gez Lemon
- Screenreader Visibility - Bob Easton
- Quiz 2.4.1: On Being Heard But Not Seen - Bob Easton
- What do Screen Readers really say? - Bob Easton
- Why 'left: -9999px;' is Better For Accessibility Than 'display: none;' - Nick Fitzsimons
- Giving OS X a Voice - Christopher Breen
- Guidelines for Accessible and Usable Web Sites: Observing Users Who Work With Screen Readers - Mary Frances Theofanos and Janice (Ginny) Redish
- IE7, Screen Readers And Screen Enlargers - Mel Pedley
- Improving Usability for Screen Reader Users - Trenton Moss
- Influence of Valid Code on Screen Readers - Joe Clark
- Jaws Access of PDF - A Users Guide - Web Access Centre - Royal National Institute of the Blind
- JAWS, Window-Eyes and Character References - Jason Kiss
- Jaws, Window Eyes, Parallels, and Boot Camp - Jared Smith
- Learning From Screen Readers - Jon Whiting
- Open Source Screen Readers? - Chris Hofstater
- Quiz 1.1.5: A Picture Requires a Thousand Words - Bob Easton
- Poetry, Punctuation, Markup; Screen Readers - Jon Gibbins
- Seven Screen Reader Usability Tips - Trenton Moss
- Screen Readers and Abbreviations - Jon Gibbins
- Screen Readers By Joe Clark
- Screen Reader Simulation - WebAIM
- Screen-Reader Usability Study - Joe Clark
- Screen Readers: A Web Developer Failure - Mike Davies
- Screen Readers and CSS Layout - Bob Easton
- Screen Readers Suck! - Dave Child
- Surfing the Web with a Screen Reader - AccessIT
- The DOM And Screen Readers - Gez Lemon
- The Quagmire of Web Accessibility- Chris Hofstater
- Three Things I Learned About Screen Reader Users - Joshua Kaufman
- Turn Firefox into a Screen Reader with Fire Vox - Roger Johansson
- Usability screening techniques: evaluating for a wider range of environments, circumstances and abilities - Shawn Lawton Henry
- Understanding How JAWS Reads Text - Steve Faulkner
- Video: YouTube and Easy YouTube with a Screen Reader - Christian Heilmann
- Views From a Screen Reader User - Mike Cherim
- What Do Screen Readers Really Say? - Bob Easton
-
Single-Switch Access
- Single-Switch Access - WebAIM
-
Sip and Puff Switch
- Sip and puff switch - WebAIM
- Video: Keeping Web Accessibility in Mind - WebAIM
- Videos on Computer Accessibility - AssistiveWare
-
Voiceover
- Apple Offers Universal Access with Leopard
- Firefox and OS X's VoiceOver ... Reading the Magic 8 Ball - Aaron Leventhal
- Manual for Apple VoiceOver in Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard - Roger Johansson
- Not What the Doctor Ordered: A Review of Apple's VoiceOver Screen Reader - Jay Leventhal
- Voiceover 2 - A WebDev+s Guide - Alastair Campbell
- What Is Assistive Technology? - Public Broadcasting System
Baseline
- The Question of Baseline - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 Working Group
- This is Accessible? - Gez Lemon
- Questions and Proposed Approaches for Baseline Specifics - Gregg Vanderheiden
- WCAG 2.0 Baseline Concept - Gez Lemon
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 - comments on the 'Baseline Technology Assumption' - Tina Holmboe
Benefits (Why accessibility?)
- 10 Reasons Clients Don't Care About Accessibility - Christian Heilmann
- 100,000 Reasons to Design for Accessibility - Bruce Lawson
- Accessible Business Online - Alexandra Graham
- Accessibility and Business Value Study - The Customer Respect Group
- Accessibility: Making It All Worthwhile - Jack Pickard
- Accessibility and SEO - Bruce Lawson and Vasilis van Gemert
- Accessibility...Who Does It REALLY Help? - Darrel Austin
- Accessibility is Optimization - Matt Bailey
- Auxiliary Benefits of Accessible Web Design - W3C
- Benefits and Challenges of Web Accessibility - Pat Byrne
- Benefits of an Accessible Website - part 1: Increase in Reach - Trenton Moss
- Business Reasons for Web Accessibility - Dennis Lembree
- Developing a Web Accessibility Business Case for Your Organization - W3C
- Don't Use the Statistics Defense as a Reason to Exclude People From Your Content - Jim Byrne
- Everyone Deserves Access to Technology, Online World - Jim Fruchterman and Gregg Vanderheiden
- High Accessibility Is Effective Search Engine Optimization - Andy Hagans
- How Do You Get Your Client to Pay For Accessibility? - Gez Lemon
- How To Sell Accessibility - Trenton Moss
- It Pays to Play by the Rules - Compliance, Accessibility and SEO - Mark Jackson
- Legal Reasons to Make Intranets, Extranets and Software Accessible - Struan Robertson
- Massive Business Case for Accessibility - Peter Abrahams
- New Research Study Shows 57 Percent of Adult Computer Users Can Benefit From Accessible Technology - Microsoft
- Overcoming Objections to Accessibility - Mike Cherim
- Presenting the Case for Web Accessibility - W3C Draft
- Selfish Reasons for Accessible Web Authoring - Kynn Bartlett
- Selling Accessibility to Programmers - Joe Clark
-
The Benefit
of Accessible Design for Able-Bodied Users of the World Wide Web - Denis
Anson, Ronni Marangoni, Karyn Mills, Lalit Shah
- Usability Benefits of Web Accessibility - Joe Clark
- The Financial Benefits of Web Accessibility - Mel Pedley
- The Secret Benefit of Accessibility: Increased Usability - Trenton Moss
- The Need for Accessibility - Dan Johnson
- Universal Design and Web Accessibility: Unexpected Beneficiaries - Terry Thompson
- Usability and Accessibility Market Worth £115m in 2005 - E-consultancy.com
- Why Accessibility? - Robert Nyman
- Why Accessibility is Important to You - John S. Britsios
- Why Accessibility? Motivating Learners To Bring About Change - WebAIM
- Why Accessibility? Because It's Our Job! - James Edwards
- Why Bother? - Joe Clark
- Why Bother With Web Accessibility? - Accessites.org
Captcha (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart).
- Accessibility of CAPTCHA - Gez Lemon
- Accessibility of Visual and Auditory Captchas - Web In Sight
- Auditory Captchas Web Survey - University of Washington
-
Are Social Networking Sites Accessible to People with Vision Loss? -
American Foundation for the Blind
- CAPTCHAs on Social Networking Sites Shut Out Blind Users - American Foundation for the Blind
- Beyond CAPTCHA: No Bots Allowed! - James Edwards
- Breaking CAPTCHAs - Mel Pedley
- CAPTCHA - if you're name's not down you're not coming in. - Henny Swan
- CAPTCHA is Dead - Matt May
- CAPTCHA: The FAQs - Glenda Watson Hyatt
- CAPTCHA Update 2008 - ESW Wiki
- CAPTCHA Usability: Humane Alternative to CAPTCHA - Jesper Ronn-Jensen
- Captcha Usability Revisited: Google Inaccessible to Blind People - Jesper Ronn-Jensen
- Codes on Sites 'Captcha' Anger of Web Users - David Kesmodel
- Developing a Customized Business Case, Making Anti-Robot Tests: Accessible, Sharing Accessibility with Newbies - Shawn Lawton Henry
- Escape From CAPTCHA - Matt May
- Google's Doors Still Shut to Blind - Susan Kuchinskas
- Google Releases Audio CAPTCHA - Matt Bailey
- How Captcha was Foiled: Are You a Man or a Mouse? - Tim Anderson
-
Inaccessibility
of CAPTCHA - W3C
- CAPTCHA Paper Updated - Matt May
- Inaccessibility of Visually-Oriented Anti-Robot Tests Problems and Alternatives - Matt May
- Is Google Shutting Out The Blind? - Susan Kuchinskas
- Making CAPTCHAs Less Evil? - Paul Crichton
- Provide an Accessible Alternative if You Must Use a CAPTCHA - Roger Johansson
- Proposal for an Accessible Captcha Test - Peter Krantz
- The Problem With Captchas - Mel Pedley
- What's Wrong With this Picture? - Ian Lloyd
Checklists
-
Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 1 of 3: Coding) - Jack Pickard
- Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 2 of 3: Content) - Jack Pickard
- Accessibility Quick Checks (Part 3 of 3: Function) - Jack Pickard
- Accessibility Quick Tips - webdevtips.com
- Evaluating Web Sites for Accessibility
- Practical Accessibility Tips - Mike Davies
- Section 508 Checklist - Jonathan Whiting
- The Accessibility Checklist I Vowed I'd Never Write - Aaron Cannon
- WAI Checklist of Checkpoints for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0
Cognitive Disabilities
- A Conceptual Framework for Accessibility Tools to Benefit Users with Cognitive Disabilities - Paul R. Bohman and Shane Anderson
- A Dyslexic Perspective on e-Content Accessibility - Peter Rainger and EA Draffan
- An Accessibility Frontier: Cognitive disabilities and learning difficulties - Roger Hudson, Russ Weakley and Peter Firminger
- Assistive Technology with Cognitive Disability Emphasis - Mark Dubin
- Chunking
- Cognitive Accessibility Survey - Jared Smith
- Cognitive Disabilities Part 1 - Paul R. Bohman
- Cognitive Disabilities Part 2 - Cyndi Rowland
- Cognitive load and the rule of seven (or how many is too many) - Nick Finck
- Cognitive Disability - Alan Dix
- Design for Accessibility: The Personal Information Point - J. Coy, S. Keates , P. J. Clarkson L. Harrison, P. Robinson
-
Designing
for Dyslexics: Part 1 of 3 - Mel Pedley
- Designing for Dyslexics: Part 2 of 3 - Mel Pedley
- Designing for Dyslexics: Part 3 of 3 - Mel Pedley
- Designing for Users With Cognitive Disabilities - Erica Kolatch
- Designing Web Pages for Dyslexic Readers - John Bradford
- Developing sites for users with Cognitive disabilities and learning difficulties - Roger Hudson, Russ Weakley, and Peter Firminger
- Dyslexia, Disability and Teaching Accessibility - Jack Pickard
- Dyslexia List Launches with Major Research Programme into Accessibility Guidance - Ann Light
- Easy Read and Other Advice About Writing for People with Learning Disabilities - Caroline Jarrett
- Easy YouTube and Learning Disabilities - Christian Heilmann
- Icons, Symbols and Cognitive Disabilities - Christopher Phillips
- Inclusion Of Cognitive Disabilities in the Web Accessibility Movement - Lisa Seeman
- Lower-Literacy Users - Jakob Nielsen
- More On Dyslexia - Mel Pedley
- Start with the assumption that you cannot predict the access needs of your audience - Jim Byrne
- The Effects of Lower-literacy on Mental Models to Support Website Navigation - Celeste Lyn Paul
- Useful (Learning Disability) Guides to Accessibility - Mencap
- WCAG 2 Activity on Cognitive Disability - Joe Clark
- Web Accessibility and Learning Difficulties - Tim Fidgeon
- Web Design for Dyslexic Users - dyslexia.com
Color: Accessibility
Definitions and Overviews
- Accessibility and Availability - Derek Featherstone
- Accessibility, Availability and Affordability - Christopher Phillips
- Accessibility for All vs. for People with Disabilities - Roger Johansson
-
Accessibility
In Trouble 2: Standards - Mike Davies
- Accessibility In Trouble 3: Universality - Mike Davies
- Accessibility In Trouble 4: Dehumanisation - Mike Davies
- Accessibility In Trouble 5: Deterioration- Mike Davies
- Accessibility In Trouble 6: Misrepresentation - Mike Davies
- Accessibility as a Platform to Build Upon - Emil Stenstrom
- Accessibility Only For Disabilities? - Tommy Olsson
- Accessibility vs Universality - Implications - Alastair Campbell
- Accessibility (Web) - Laura Carlson
- BarCamp London 2: Accessibility Panel Thoughts - Mike Davies
- Barrier-Free Web Design, a.k.a. Web Accessibility 2.0 - Roger Johansson and Tommy Olsson
- Definitions of Web Accessibility - Mel Pedley
- Et Tu, Joe? - Tommy Olsson
- Failed and Flawed Accessibility Organizations - Ian Lloyd
- Failed? Fundamentally Flawed? - Mike Cherim
- Future of Web Accessibility - Alastair Campbell
- How Accessible is 'Accessible'? - Chris Hofstater
- In Defense Of Accessibility - Jack Pickard
- Lack of Access = Barrier to Access - Joe Dolson
- Levels of Accessibility - Mike Cherim
- On Accessibility - Catherine Roy
- The Flip Side of the Coin - Miraz Jordan
- The Great Accessibility Camp-Out - Gez Lemon and Mike Cherim
- Trying to Define Web Accessibility - Joe Dolson
- Understanding Web Accessibility - Shawn Lawton Henry
- Universality and Accessibility - Gez Lemon
- Web Accessibility - What is It? What are the Benefits? - Paul Walsh
- What is Accessibility? - Robert Nyman
- What Is Web Accessibility? - Trenton Moss
- What is an accessible website? Attempting a definition - Jim Byrne
- What is an accessible website? - an answer in the form of a diagram. - Jim Byrne
- What is media access? - Joe Clark
Device Independence and Graceful Degradation
- Device independent definition - W3C
- Device Independence- W3C
- Device Independence Principles - W3C
- Fluid Thinking - Peter-Paul Koch
- Graceful Degradation - Daniel R. Tobias
- Guideline 9. Design for Device-Independence - W3C
- Unobtrusive Javascript / Progressive Enhancement / Graceful Degradation / Best Practices
Deprecated Features
- 11.2 Avoid deprecated features of W3C technologies - W3C
- Beyond the FONT tag: Practical HTML text styling -Todd Fahrner
- Index of Elements (See deprecated column)
- "The following HTML elements specify font information. Although they are not all deprecated, their use is discouraged in favor of style sheet" - 15.2.1
- The FONT tag is deprecated in current HTML standards, and should be avoided if at all possible. Use CSS for font sizes, and make sure they're a relative size, not an absolute one. Then they'll "adapt" whether the viewer is applying a custom stylesheet, or simply using the "increase font size" menu option.
- Guidelines for authoring - W3C . Including "FONT tag considered harmful!"
Flicker
- Flicker and Strobe - WebAIM
- Animated images - Web Access Centre, Royal National Institute of the Blind
- Avoid Specific Frequencies for Flickering Content - Skills for Access
- Blinking Page Elements and Marquees - University of Minnesota Standard
- London 2012 Olympics Branding Film Causes Epileptic Seizures - Roger Johansson
- Photosensitive Epilepsy - Gez Lemon
- Screen Flicker - 508
- Screen Refresh - University of Minnesota Standard
- Web Content Accessibility Guideline 2.3 - W3C
Forms
- 11 Forms - W3C.
- 508(n) - When electronic forms are designed to be completed on-line, the form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues.
- Accessible and Usable Forms - Mike Foskett
- Accessible Forms by Jim Thatcher
- Accessible Forms - John Slatin
- Accessible Forms- Roger Hudson
-
Accessible Forms: Radio Buttons with <fieldset>, <legend>, and
<label> - University of Texas
- Accessible Forms: Buttons Using <input> elements of type = "button" and <button> elements - University of Texas
- Accessible Forms: Graphical buttons - University of Texas
- Accessible Forms using WCAG 2.0 - Roger Hudson
- Accessible HTML/XHTML Forms - Ian Lloyd
- Accessible Matrix Forms - WebAIM Thread
- Accessibility and the Label Tag - Adrian Senior
- Accessibility Issues of Checkboxes and Radio Buttons - Jukka 'Yucca' Korpela
- Alternatives to Forms - Jukka 'Yucca' Korpela
- Better Accessible Forms - Ian Lloyd
- Building Accessible Web Forms - Alejandro Gervasio
- Communicating Error Messages Accessibly - Peter Krantz
- Creating Accessible Forms - WebAIM
- Creating Accessible Forms by Stanford University
-
Default Place-Holding Characters
- 10.4 Until user agents handle empty controls correctly, include default, place-holding characters
- Braille Displays and Web Forms - David Poehlman
- Default Place-Holding Characters - Gez Lemon
- Place-holding characters in edit/text boxes - Patrick H. Lauke
- Re: WCAG 1.0 checkpoint 10.4 - David Poehlman
- Use Javascript to add default text to input fields - Jim Byrne
- Designing Simple, Accessible Forms - John Oxton
-
Fieldset
- Fieldsets, Legends and Screen Readers - Steve Faulkner
- Fieldset - www.w3schools.com
- FIELDSET - Form Control Group
- Filedset/Legend in XHTML vs. HTML - Kevin C Smith
- FORMS: Friends, Not Foes! - Meryl K. Evans
- Form Help Without Popups - Gez Lemon
- Forms: University of Minnesota Standards
- Forms and Fields - Peter Rainger
- Forms and Interaction - Joe Clark
- Forms By Dan Cederholm
- Form Help Without Popups - Gez Lemon
- Forms Usability
- How to use tables to structurize forms in HTML and about alternatives, like fieldset - Jukka 'Yucca' Korpela
-
Labels
- 10.2 ensure that the label is properly positioned - W3C
- 11.3 Labeling form controls - WAI Coding Technique
- 12.4 Associate labels explicitly with their controls - W3C
-
Accessible Forms: Labeling Input Fields - University of Texas
- Accessible Forms: Labeling Pulldown Menus - University of Texas
- Associate Form Fields Explicitly with Their Labels - Jim Byrne
- Inaccessible Label-Wrapped Form Inputs - Mike Cherim
- Implicit and Explicit Form Label Test - Trevor Morris
- LABEL - Form Field Label
- Label Positioning - Gez Lemon
- The <label> tag
-
Quiz
5.2.13: Speaking Form Labels - Bob Easton
- Speaking Form Labels - Summary - Bob Easton
- Use the Label Element to Make Your HTML Forms Accessible - Roger Johansson
- Make forms accessible - WAI Coding Technique
-
Making
Accessible Forms, Part 1 - Trenton Moss
- Making Accessible Forms, Part 2 - Trenton Moss
- Making Compact Forms More Accessible - Mike Brittain
- Making Forms Accessible - Adrian Rayfield
- Multiple Form Labels and Screen Readers - Roger Johansson
-
Optgroup
- Accessible Forms: Grouping Related Items on a Form - University of Texas
- OPTGROUP - Option Group - htmlhelp
- The <optgroup> tag
- Prettier Accessible Forms - Nick Rigby
- Provide Access to Forms for Users who are Blind or Visually Impaired - Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg
- Reset and Cancel Buttons - Jakob Nielsen
- Simply Accessible - Derek Featherstone
-
Showing
Good Form: Beyond the Basics of Accessible Web Forms - Catherine M. Brys
and Wim Vanderbauwhede
- Accessible Web Forms: Beyond the Basics - Part 2 - Catherine M. Brys and Wim Vanderbauwhede
- Spam-Free Accessible Forms - Jared Smith
-
Tab Index
- 9.4 Create a logical tab order through links, form controls, and objects
- Initial Focus to a Text Field - Good or Bad? By Robert Nyman
- Make forms easier to use by creating a logical tab order - Jim Byrne
- Staying Positive About Tabindex - Joe Clark
- Tabindex At Your Peril - Mel Pedley
- Tips for Keeping Forms Accessible - Mike Cherim
- Usable and Accessible Form Validation and Error Recovery - Jared Smith
- Using titles on Form Fields - Mike Davies
- Writing Accessible Forms - The University of Durham
Language
- 2.2 Identifying the primary language - W3C
-
4.3 Identify
the primary natural language of a document
- Example for Checkpoint 4.3 - W3C.
- The Barrier of Foreign Words - Mike Davies
-
Accessibility In My Own (Foreign) Words - Jack Pickard
- The Barrier of Foreign Words - Mike Davies
- Be Accessible, Don't Meet Guidelines - Mel Pedley
- Defining Content Language - Karl Dawson
- Indicating Language Choice: Flags, Text, Both, Neither? - Roger Johansson
- Internationalization Primer - Jonathan Snook
- Language Codes - Joe Clark
- Why use the language attribute?
Law, Lawsuits, Policies
- 504
-
508
- 1194.22 Web-based Intranet and Internet Information and Applications - The Access Board
- 508 and Higher Ed - Jon Whiting
- 508 Standards
- Accessible Electronic and& Information Technology: Legal Obligations of Higher Education and Section 508 - Cynthia D. Waddell
- ADA Restoration Act of 2007 - American Association of People with Disabilities
- Advisory Committee Faces Major Hurdles with Section 508 Revision - Wade-Hahn Chan
- Cornerstones of a Successful 508 Program - Fred DiFiore
- Board Names Advisory Committee for 508 Standards Update - The Access Board
- Board to Create Advisory Committee for Refresh of 508 Standards - The Access Board
- GSA to Grade Agencies on 508 Compliance - Jason Miller
- One Reason Why Section 508 Isn't Working - Mike Paciello
- Presentation of the TEITAC report to the U.S. Access Board - Peter Korn
- Refreshed Accessibility Standards and Guidelines in Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology - Advisory Committee to the Access Board
- Section508.gov
- Section 508 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Wikipedia.
- Section 508 Checklist - Jonathan Whiting
- Section 508: Uncle Sam's Guide To Web Accessibility - Rob Ballou
- Section 508 Technical Assistance page - access-board.gov
- Section 508 to be Updated - Jared Smith
- Section 508 Wiki - Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology Advisory Committee
- Standards for Electronic and Information Technology: An Overview
- Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology Advisory Committee
- Updating the 508 Web Accessibility Tutorial - Jim Thatcher
- Using Section 508 to Improve Internet Access to Information for Everybody - Thomas Vander Wal
- WAI to Advise on 508 Standards Update - W3C
- Web Accessibility for Section 508 - Jim Thatcher
- WebAIM Hosting TEITAC Content - Jared Smith
-
Accessible UK Government
Website E-Petition - Ian Fenn
- The Petition, the 'Prat' and a Political Ideal - Tom Geoghegan
- Accessibility and the Law - Joe Clark
- Accessibility and the Law By Andy Budd
- Accessibility: it's not just a good idea, it's the law - Mark Pilgrim
- Accessibility Legislation - an Insight (Summary of accessibility policies by country) - Urte Meinhardt
- British Standard for Accessibility - Bruce Lawson
- Capella University/WebCT (La Marca v.
Capella University)
- Capella University (La Marca vs. Capella University) - WebAIM Thread
- Lawsuit Charges Online University Does Not Accommodate Learning-Disabled Students - Dan Carnevale
- Web CT Criticisms - wikipedia
- All UK Government Web Sites Must Be WCAG AA Compliant - Brian Kelly
- Companies, Courts Debate Whether ADA Applies to Web Sites - Sherry Karabin
-
Computer-Based Exam Discriminated
Against Blind Candidate - out-law.com.
- Accessibility and International Law - Joe Dolson
- Crying Foul on Accessibility Claims - Ian Lloyd
- Defining 'Accessibility' and Texas House Bill 2819 - Jim Thatcher
- Development of the Accessible Information and Communications Standard: Where We Are Now - Government of Ontario
- Disabled Seek Equal Unlimited Web Access - Adam Phillips.
- Illinois Information Technology Accessibility Act - Marucco, Stoddard, Ferenbach, and Walsh
- Is Legally Mandated Accessibility a Benefit? - Joe Dolson
- Is Your Site ADA -Compliant ... or a Lawsuit-in-Waiting? - Cynthia D. Waddell and Kevin Lee Thomason
- ICDRI Update On Global Accessible Web Policy And Law - Cynthia D. Waddell
- Let the Buyer be Aware: The Importance of Procurement in Accessibility Policy - Cyndi Rowland
- Letter to the MS Society on Accessibility - Bruce Lawson
- Manifesto - Web Standards Project's Accessibility Task Force
- Martin v. MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority)
- Mexico Signs First Manifesto on Usability and Accessibility for Mexican Government Websites - Luis Carlos Aceves
-
National Federation of the Blind v. America Online
(AOL)
- The National Federation of the Blind Sues AOL - Cynthia D. Waddell
- Nearly 75 Percent of FTSE 100 Company Websites Fail to Meet Minimum Accessibility Requirements - Nomensa
- Oracle Sued by Blind Workers in Texas - Dan Goodin
- Accessibility Issues On U.S. Senate Web Site Impact Constituents Who Are Blind - Darrell Shandrow
-
Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 78
- A Critique of P.A.S. 78 - Joe Clark
- BS 8878: Draft British Accessibility Standard for Public Comment - Bruce Lawson New!
- Fisking PAS 78 - Joe Clark
- How to commission an accessible website - out-law
- New standards for website access - BBC
- PAS 78 Download - Developed by The British Standards Institution
- PAS 78: Guide to Good Practice in Commissioning Accessible Websites - Bruce Lawson
- PAS 78 Launch - Mike Davies
- Raising the Standard
- Usability Exchange
-
Ramada.com and Priceline.com
- Spitzer Agreement To Make Web Sites Accessible To The Blind And Visually Impaired - Press Release from the Office of the New York Attorney General
- State and Federal E-Government in the United States, 2003 - Brown University
-
Southwest Airlines (Robert Gumson v. Southwest
Airlines and Access Now v. Southwest Airlines)
- ADA doesn't extend to the Internet - Eric Bangeman
- No decision from the Appeals Court - Jim Thatcher
- Do Disability Laws Apply to the Web? - Patrick Thibodeau
- Judge: Disabilities Act doesn't cover Web - Declan McCullagh
- Man Sues Airlines for Fare Access - Kendra Mayfield
- Ruling doesn't affect Section 508 Web requirements, board says - Dipka Bhambhani
- Suing Companies Over Inaccessible Websites - Christian Montoya
- Sydney Olympics (Bruce Maguire v. Sydney Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games [SOCOG])
-
Target (National Federation of the Blind v.
Target)
- Accessibility, Law and Target.com - Jim Thatcher
- Analysis - Target Web Lawsuit: The Six Million Dollar Question - Majeed Saleh and Dan Jellinek
- Blind Cal Student Sues Target - Henry K. Lee
- Blind Customer Applauds Court Ruling on Target Web Site - John Croman
- Blind Patrons' Lawsuit Against Target Proceeds - Josh Richman
- Blind Patrons Sue Target for Site Inaccessibility - Michelle Meyers
- Court Rules Against Target in Web Site Accessibility Lawsuits - Evan Schuman
- Disability Rights Advocates Case: NFB v. Target - Order by Judge Marilyn Patel
- Expert Declaration of Dr. James W. Thatcher in NFB V. Target - James W. Thatcher
- Is This the Test Case We've All Been Waiting For? - Ian Lloyd
- Is the Target Lawsuit Frivolous? - Mike Cherim
- Is Your Web Site Handicap-Accessible? - Karen E. Klein
-
National
Federation of the Blind v. Target - Disability Rights Advocates
- Complaint (NFB V. Target)
- Judge's Order (NFB V. Target)
- Target
and NFB Final Settlement
- Does Target Settlement Really Hit the Target? - Ian Lloyd
- NFB and Target Settle - $6 Million in Damages - Jim Thatcher
- Targeting Accessibility - Glenda Sims
- Target Acquired: Four Cheers! - Jack Pickard
- Target Lawsuit Settled - Jared Smith.
- Target Lawsuit Settled - Exactly As It Should Be - Bob Easton
- Target Settles Accessibility Lawsuit for $6 Million - Matthew Magain
- What The Target Settlement Should Mean To You - Matt May
- National Federation of the Blind Lawsuit Addressing Web Accessibility Will Proceed - National Federation of the Blind
- National Federation of the Blind vs. Target - An Important Decision - Jim Thatcher
- NFB, Target, Amazon - Joe Clark
- NFB vs. Target in Perspective - Matt May
- On Handicapped Access, Target Fights the Wrong Fight for the Wrong Reason - Evan Schuman
- Suit Against Target Over Access - Kevin Kingsbury
- Taking Aim at Target(.com) - Derek Featherstone
- Target Accessibility Case Will Go Forward! - Joe Dolson
- Target Accessibility Lawsuit Falls on Deaf Ears - Kim Krause Berg
- Target Hit - But is it a Bullseye? - Ian Lloyd
- Target in the Sights of Accessibility Advocates - Karl Dawson
- Target Lawsuit Goes Ahead - Mel Pedley
- Target Sued Over Web Accessibility - Out-law News
- Target Sued: Website Not Accessible to Blind - Overlawyered
- Target.com's Accessibility Lawsuit - Karl Dawson
- Tarzhay - Joe Clark
- The Webdev Community's Response to the Target Lawsuit - Bruce Lawson
- Staying on Target - Derek Featherstone
- Update on the Target Accessibility Lawsuit - Roger Johansson
- Web Accessibility Now Because Nationwide Class Action Suits are Bad for You - Karcher Group
- Ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - Peter Korn
-
Ticketmaster
- Precedent - Joe Clark
- UK Government Accessibility Consultation - Bruce Lawson
- UK Resources for Web Accessibility and the Law - Martin Sloan
-
University of California UC Davis and UC Berkeley
Settlement
- UC Settles Case on Hearing Disabilities - Amelia Heagerty
- US Organizations Liable Under UK Law? - Mel Pedley.
- Web Accessibility and the Law: Recent Legal Developments and Advocacy Strategies - Lainey Feingold and Crista Earl
- Web Accessibility and UK Law: Telling It Like It Is - Trenton Moss
- Web Accessibility and the Law - India - Ajay Kolhatkar New!
- Website Accessibility and The Private Sector: Disability Stakeholders Cannot Tolerate 2% Access! - Ronald E. Milliman
- Web Accessibility Soon Mandatory in Europe? - Jo Best
- When The Americans With Disabilities Act Goes Online: Application of the ADA to the Internet and the Worldwide Web - Position Paper National Council on Disability
Lists
- List Tags - University of Minnesota Standard
- Unordered Lists: More Than Just Bullets - Brian Huisman
Mailto
- Mailto Links - University of Minnesota Standard.
Multimedia
- 1.3 "Until user agents can automatically read aloud the text equivalent of a visual track, provide an auditory description of the important information of the visual track of a multimedia presentation." - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
- 1.4 "For any time-based multimedia presentation (e.g., a movie or animation), synchronize equivalent alternatives (e.g., captions or auditory descriptions of the visual track) with the presentation" - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
- 508 (b) Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be synchronized with the presentation.
- Accessible Di